Characteristics of hospital wastewater
Microbial pathogens, harmful bacteria and viruses
Drugs and their metabolites
Radioactive isotopes
Hazardous chemicals and heavy metals
Pharmaceutical waste
Below are the values of pH, TSS, BOD5, COD, TKN, TP, TC and THBC for a number of hospitals in Iran. According to these results, the minimum, maximum and average values of the quality parameters of hospital wastewater were investigated.
Hospital wastewater sources
Let us first mention the three important categories in which all hospital wastewater sources are placed, and then give examples for each of them. Sources that produce hospital wastewater or those that have a share in the production of hospital wastewater and must enter the industrial wastewater treatment process after production are divided into three categories, which are:
نقش داروها در فاضلاب بیمارستانی
داروها بخصوص مواردی که بدون تجویز
پزشک امکان خرید و مصرف ندارند و یا برخی داروهایی که فقط در بیمارستانها تزریق
میگردند یکی از بخش های تشکیل دهنده اصلی در فاضلاب
بیمارستانی و از بخش های بسیار مهمی
است که حتما باید تحت سیستم تصفیه
فاضلاب بهداشتی پیشرفته قرار
بگیرند تا به خوبی متابولیزه شوند، در غیر این صورت اثرات بسیار مضری بر روی
اکوسیستم و طبیعت خواهند گذاشت. البته باید توجه داشت برخی داروها که مصرف عمومی
دارند، در فاضلاب خانگی و در نتیجه شهری نیز دیده میشوند.
طبق تحقیقات انجام شده بسته به نوع و میزان
پایداری داروها، بین ۴۰ تا ۸۰% آن کاملا بدون تغییر از روش های دفعی مختلف
از بدن افراد خارج می شوند و داروهایی که در چربی محلول هستند نیز در پساب یا فاضلاب
بیمارستانی حل نمیشوند و وارد چرخه محیط زیست خواهند
شد که این یکی از شیوه های اثر داروها بر محیط زیست در این نوع فاضلاب در نبود
سیستم تصفیه پساب بیمارستانی قدرتمند و پیشرفته است.
ضمنا در برخی موارد نیز داروها به علت اهداف
درمانی بسیار مقاوم طراحی شده اند در نتیجه در طبیعت به زودی از بین نمیروند و
اثرات مضر آنها تا مدت زمان زیادی در طبیعت باقی خواهد ماند که باز هم دلیل دیگری
بر الزام وجود سیستم تصفیه فاضلاب خانگی است. در حالت کلی اگر بخواهیم داروهای
اثرگذار بر محیط زیست را در فاضلاب بیمارستانی نام ببریم در دستههای زیر قرار
میگیرند:
- داروهای هورمونی
- داروهای رادیواکتیو مثل ید
- آنتی بیوتیکها
- عوامل کشنده و متوقف کننده رشد
Kitchen waste and dining halls
Waste materials from the kitchen and dining halls of the hospital can be pre-purified with the help of special filters to remove oil and other suspended substances insoluble in water and then dispose of them for purification.
Future approaches in dealing with hospital wastewater treatment
Treatment of hospital wastewater is very sensitive because many dangerous and toxic substances are released from it, which in case of non-treatment or inefficient treatment will cause the spread of new diseases and endanger human lives and the local environment. The purpose of installing a hospital wastewater treatment system that is in accordance with the world’s current technology is several times more important than a home wastewater treatment system.
From the past to the present, different approaches have been used in order to treat hospital wastewater according to the technology of its time, which are as follows:
Direct Disposal: a very old and outdated method that all countries are required to follow.
Mixed with Municipal Sewage or Centralized: In this method, the wastewater of all areas and places, including domestic, industrial, agricultural, hospital, etc. enters the common municipal sewage, which unfortunately is done in developing countries in a way that there is no efficient system for advanced purification.
Treatment of hospital wastewater in the form of pre-treatment or On-Site Treatment and then discharge into the environment: an efficient, affordable and advanced method that greatly reduces the risks of the produced wastewater.
On-site treatment of hospital wastewater in the form of pre-treatment and then re-treatment by combining it with municipal wastewater: a very advanced method in such a way that up to 99% of the produced wastewater is treated and its environmental risks are eliminated, but compared to the third method It will cost much more, so the third case is being done in most countries of the world.
Wastewater treatment plant output standard
It is definitely necessary to design an efficient hospital wastewater treatment that greatly reduces the risks caused by this wastewater and even a part of it can be used to irrigate the fields and trees around the hospital (considering that edible trees are not planted in the hospital environment). Flush tanks, toilets, etc. were reused.
In addition, note that in addition to the above for the design of an advanced hospital wastewater treatment system, which are very important and must be considered; The following factors are also important:
Location: The hospital wastewater treatment device should be in a large space, away from nearby residential buildings and drinking water pipes, and should not be installed on lands with soft soil or subject to flooding.
Supporting infrastructure and quality repairs: Hospital wastewater treatment is by using its own equipment, which must be accompanied by supporting infrastructure such as a generator and purchased from a reliable center, in this field, Ati Sazan Arsham Sanat Group is the most reliable and largest provider center. This is the service.
Ati Sazan Arsham Sanat Group, with years of experience and providing superior services in the field of advanced devices for hospital wastewater treatment, is the best option for equipping hospitals and clinics with the most advanced and standard devices that comply with all the guidelines of the World Health Organization. has been
Steps of the hospital wastewater treatment process
In this part, we are going to describe the steps of the hospital wastewater treatment system, which was the third among the types of treatment methods at the beginning of the article, because it is considered the best and most efficient type in addition to the affordable cost in hospital systems:
Preliminary or Pretreatment Stage
At this stage of the hospital wastewater treatment system, the goal is to remove solids, minerals and even sticky materials and non-mineral solids, which is done with the help of its filter and garbage collection chamber, and at the same time, in the next stages, it avoids damage to many parts. Sensitive system is prevented.
Primary Treatment Stage
This stage of the hospital wastewater treatment system is for the physical separation of solids and particles of oil and fat from the hospital effluent, which are purified through filters, clarifiers, and grease traps. With the help of these materials, during several hours of stagnation, solid and suspended materials are settled and lighter materials are placed on top of it to be removed from the tank. The settled materials of this stage are known as primary sludge, which consists of solid particles between 60 and 70%.