What is desalinated water and what is its use?
Why is there still a need for desalination devices despite the abundance of water resources that exist in the world? Have you thought about the answer to this question? Yes, it is true that the surface of the sphere of time has been full of water resources since the beginning, so that it can be said that water makes up about 70%. Despite this level of water, most people in the world are still facing the problem of water shortage and this cannot be hidden.
It is necessary to know that all these water resources are salty and not usable, and to use them, the process of sweetening must be done, but in what way? Currently, there are special devices called desalinators that can supply the amount of fresh water used by people with their unique capabilities. In this article, we intend to examine the uses of this device and express the importance of its use and provide you with comprehensive and complete information.
What is a water softener?
The water desalination device is actually considered a type of filtration to separate salt from water molecules, which can easily perform this desalination with its unique capabilities. You may think to yourself that separating salt from water is very difficult and complicated, and we must say that you are absolutely correct in thinking that this process is very difficult, and special filters must be used to do this.
In the previous section, we mentioned that the water sources on the surface of the earth cannot be used, and this has led to the emergence of desalination devices. These devices use a special system called reverse osmosis and separate salt from water molecules. It is natural that after this separation the water becomes sweet, so this is where you can understand the high importance of these systems.
Types of water softeners
The requirements that existed in the direction of water desalination caused different samples of this device to be produced. Examples of water desalination devices that are currently widely used include the following, each of which has its own structure and characteristics.
Sea water desalination
Industrial desalination
Homemade fresh water
Distinctive features of marine desalination
Choosing the right water softener is very important, you may ask yourself how? In response to this question, we must say that each of the mentioned devices is used for a specific field. For example, you cannot use freshwater for domestic purposes because the dimensions and size of these devices do not allow you to do so.
As you know, sea water is salty and unusable, but desalination devices have made it possible to use this water, so there is no need to worry. Currently, the use of these devices can be seen in abundance, which sweeten the salt water of the sea with its unique capabilities and make it usable. Such capabilities make it impossible to simply ignore the advantages of these devices. But what features do these devices have?
The sea water desalination device has very high dimensions and to maintain it, one should think about providing enough space. These devices are mainly installed near the seas to carry out the desalination process and supply the water needed by the buildings and areas around the sea. You need to know that it has a higher price and will result in more costs for you.
Agricultural desalination
Using desalination in agricultural industries is the best solution to access fresh water. In recent years, due to the excessive consumption of water from wells and underground water in the past years, the salinity of water has increased and it is unusable for agricultural purposes and irrigation of greenhouses. Salt water with high TDS is harmful for watering plants and their soil and must be purified.
Agricultural water desalination devices are water purification devices that work based on the reverse osmosis process. Water from agricultural wells is the input to these devices. Then by applying pressure by the pump and passing the water through a semi-permeable membrane, the purification operation takes place and the water is completely purified. The obtained water is suitable for agricultural purposes and irrigation of greenhouses and does not harm the soil and plants. It should be noted that the accuracy of these devices is lower than that of household water softeners. Therefore, this water is not suitable for drinking.
The difference between desalination and water purification
Is the water softener the same as water purification? This is a question that is often asked. Sometimes it is mistakenly thought that these two devices are not much different and that water purification is the same as desalination, but you should know that water purification means desalination, but this is not the case and the word desalination only refers to a device that can have the ability to separate salt particles from water and turn the salt water of the seas into drinkable fresh water, otherwise, a device that only separates impurities and extra substances from water molecules but does not have the ability to sweeten it, the device It is called water purification. But if a water purifier has reverse osmosis technology, since reverse osmosis has the ability to sweeten, the titles of reverse osmosis water purifier and reverse osmosis water purifier can be considered equivalent. Remember that such a rule does not apply to other water purification methods that cannot produce fresh water, and the name of desalination is not applied to them.
It is good to know that unlike water purification devices that are not capable of desalination (except RO devices, of course), water softeners can both sweeten and purify heavy and polluted water.
Installation of water softener
Installing water treatment depending on the volume of water used, the desired area, dimensions
The device etc. is different. For example, household water purifiers are easy to use
You can install and run. But the design, construction and installation of industrial, semi-industrial water treatment, etc., require expert experts
is experienced It is also better to buy household water purifiers from reputable dealers
purchased and to use the warranty and after-sales service, its installation and operation
also delegate.
Water softener filter
In reverse osmosis desalination devices, sand, fiber, carbon, etc. filters are usually used for the pre-treatment stage. Then it’s time for reverse osmosis or semi-permeable RO membrane. For example, in home water softeners, triple filters are used before the reverse osmosis filter.
These filters are composed of fiber filter or propylene filter, active carbon powder or active carbon filter and one micron fiber filter respectively. These filters can remove coarse pollutants in water, including pipe rust, suspended particles, sludge, etc., and make the water free of chlorine and nitrate particles.
Desalination membranes
The membrane is the most important part in the water desalination device. In fact, these filters are the part where the main separation of suspended particles and dissolved salts takes place. This filter is produced from polyamide TFC, cellulose acetate CTA or a mixture of both. This membrane is wrapped as a thin film on a cylindrical tube and can separate more than 98% of particles in water. This filter should be replaced every one and a half to two years.
How the water softener works
Reverse osmosis systems are one of the best, most useful and economical devices designed and manufactured to sweeten and purify drinking water. These systems have a thin porous membrane that is responsible for separating suspended particles, ions and salts. The reverse osmosis method is one of the methods of desalination.
The separation method in the reverse osmosis process is completely physical and is done without any additives and only based on the difference in the charge and size of the particles in the water. In this method, by applying a pressure that is greater than the osmotic pressure difference, water molecules pass through the semi-permeable membrane and suspended particles and pollutants remain behind the membrane. In this way, the separation, sweetening and purification of water is done with the help of the reverse osmosis process.
Chemicals in reverse osmosis
Caustic soda and sulfuric acid: pH adjustment In very rare cases, the pH of the incoming water may be below 4 or above 10, in this case the membrane, which is the main filtration filter, will be damaged and its useful life will be reduced. Raising the pH to 7 or caustic soda is used to reduce the pH to 7.
SBS substance: sometimes in tap water treatment, after chlorine test, it is found that the incoming water has some chlorine, chlorine also damages the semi-permeable membranes of the membrane, and within a few months, the quality of the produced water, like the incoming water, decreases, for the future To solve this problem, a substance called SBS is used, which neutralizes water chlorine after injection with the correct dose.
Forbit (anti-scalant): anti-scalant means anti-fouling, a semi-acidic substance that is needed for all water purification devices and must be constantly injected into the system. This material prevents the deposition of concentrated materials in the membrane and protects the microscopic membranes of the membrane and significantly increases the useful life of the membrane. The correct amount of its use depends on the capacity of the device and the quality of the incoming water, which is determined after the installation and commissioning.
Chlorine: In some cases, the produced water of the device must be stored in tanks for a long time and may be poured and transported in several separate tanks before consumption. The required amount (between 1 and 4 ppm) of chlorine is injected to prevent secondary water pollution.
What is Dubai?
Dubai is a French word that is equivalent to the word water.
Flow rate refers to the volume of water that passes through a pipe in a certain time, unit flow rate
It has different values, such as liters per minute and cubic meters per day and night, etc., for size
To measure the flow rate, you can place a large tank whose volume is already known in front of the water pipe
And when the tank starts to fill, it starts a timer and the duration of filling
He measured the container, for example, if a container of 20
If a liter is filled for 10 seconds, the desired water flow rate will be 2 liters per second. Then the discharge can be obtained
Converted to different units. As an easy method after obtaining
We multiply the flow rate based on liters per second by 86.4 to get the flow rate based on cubic meters per day, in the table below.
Here are the conversions of different Dubai units:
1000 liters
1 cubic meter
1 liter per second
60 liters per minute
1 liter per second
3,600 liters per hour
1 liter per second
3.6 cubic meters per hour
1 liter per second
86.4 cubic meters per day
1 liter per minute
1.44 cubic meters per day
Water pressure is measured in bar and psi units. Each pressure is equivalent to 10 meters of vertical movement power inside the pipe, pressure
Water is the maximum power of water moving upwards until the flow becomes zero.
For example, if the water pipe is 10 meters long
It should be placed vertically and the water inside can be 10 meters
rises and leaves the pipe, the water pressure will be more than 1 bar, if the water can reach the top of the pipe
reaches but does not come out of the pipe, the water pressure will be exactly 1 bar, for a 10-story building that is 30 meters
It will take an average of 5 times
The pressure is needed so that the people on the last floor also have water with sufficient pressure.
Urban water pressure in residential areas is set twice on average.
Each water pipe according to its size
It places a limit on the volume of water it can convey, for a one-inch pipe
With a single pressure of about 1 liter
It transfers water per second, but a pipe 5
inch with a pressure load equal to 20 liters
will have per second.
For this reason, choosing the size of the pipe
It is done based on the desired flow rate and pressure. In the table below, help to choose the size
The tube comes:
Diameter pipe
Pressure
flow rate (liters per second)
1 inch
1 time
1
1 inch
2 times
2
2 inches
1 time
7
2 inches
2 times
14
The main unit used for
The flow rate is cubic meters per day and the water purification devices are based on this and based on the type
Incoming water is categorized, for this reason, knowing the concept of flow and the ability to convert it into units
different and also the amount of water needed based on the unit of cubic meters per day is necessary.